The NAACP and Its Architects

American Experience

History Series / 14 Seasons

American Experience, TV's most-watched history series, brings to life the compelling stories from our past that inform our understanding of the world today.

Watch Latest: S37 E2

53m

An Integrated Party

1m 48s

On August 6, 1964 the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party held a statewide convention to elect 68 delegates to attend the Democratic National Convention later that month. It was Mississippi's first integrated delegation. Watch "Freedom Summer" on American Experience PBS on June 24, 2014.

Freedom Schools

4m 42s

In Freedom Schools across Mississippi, Freedom Summer workers and volunteers taught "African American History, Civics, African Culture, African Dance. They were learning black history that they were reading books that'd been written by blacks that they'd never heard of." "Freedom Summer" premieres on American Experience PBS June 24 at 9/8c.

Mapping Engineering in America

2m 15s

Like engineering? Explore the Engineering Map of America and see how the most significant feats of science and technology across the US have transformed the landscape. Contribute your own photos and videos at pbs.org/engineeringmap, and download the Mapping History iPhone app!

Hudson River Tunnel Shifting

2m 3s

As the Pennsylvania Railroad tunneled underneath the Hudson River, measurements showed that the tunnels were shifting up and down in the silty river bottom. Increasing the weight of cast iron linings did nothing to settle the tunnels, and the shifting continued. Engineers finally figured out what suddenly seemed obvious: the tunnels were moving with the tide.

The Rise and Fall of Penn Station Preview

30s

The Pennsylvania Railroad built tunnels under New York City's Hudson and East Rivers, connecting New York with New England, and terminating in one of the greatest architectural achievements of its time, Pennsylvania Station. It covered nearly eight acres, extended two city blocks, and housed one of the largest public spaces in the world. But 53 years later, the monumental building was destroyed.

The Rise and Fall of Penn Station, Chapter 1

8m 42s

The enormous engineering feat and one of the greatest architectural achievements of its time, Pennsylvania Station was torn down after just 53 years. Premieres on PBS American Experience February 18, 2014.

Penn Station Central Control

3m

Half a million people pass through New York City's Penn Station every day. During rush hour, a train arrives at a platform every 58 seconds. Phil Kaplan has worked for Amtrak for 37 years, and he takes us for an unusual behind the scenes look at the Central Control room.

Preliminary Worries with the Pennsylvania Railroad Tunnels

2m 6s

When the Pennsylvania Railroad announced they would be tunneling into Manhattan, rather than building a bridge, people were stunned. Tunneling underwater was known to be dangerous, and once they were built, the tunnels would need to withstand hundreds of trains traveling through them every day. With a typical Pennsylvania Railroad passenger train weighing 700 tons, this was no small challenge.

Inside the MTA's East Side Access Project

8m 9s

Go underground in the MTA's East Side Access caverns and tunnels - just one of the projects in the MTA's portfolio of $18 billion of construction - which will connect Long Island Railroad trains directly to Manhattan's Grand Central Terminal.

The Destruction of Penn Station

2m 59s

In 1961, the financially strapped Pennsylvania Railroad announced it had sold the air rights above Penn Station. The company would tear down what had once been its crowning jewel to build Madison Square Garden, a high-rise office building and sports complex. Demolition began on October 28, 1963 and would continue for the next three years.

Confined Labor in the Tunnels

1m 24s

Excavation for the Pennsylvania Railroad's tunnel project was done by hand labor, with workers typically using a spade or pneumatic hammer. Excavation workers, called “sandhogs,” faced many dangers working in a confined space. Equipment was constantly moving in and out along with muck carts full of tons of mud and rock—and there was nowhere to run if things went awry.

Compressed Air in the Tunnels

2m 42s

Work never stopped on the Pennsylvania Railroad’s tunneling projects; there were three 8-hour shifts a day, 7 days a week. As the workers dug under the river bed, compressed air was pumped in to keep the water out of the tunnels. To bore under the river, the engineers used a Greathead shield, a steel cylinder with a diameter of 23 feet that weighed nearly 200 tons.

Penn Station Rising

2m 14s

Masonry work began on Pennsylvania Station in 1908, and the grandeur of architect Charles McKim’s design began to take shape. Penn Station took four years to build and used 27,000 tons of steel, 500,000 cubic feet of granite, 83,000 square feet of skylights and 17 million bricks. Pennsylvania Station opened to the public in 1910.

Constructing Pennsylvania Station

1m 35s

Over 500 buildings were initially cleared for Penn Station’s construction, an area equal to two city blocks, or 28 acres. Crews worked day and night to build the train yard below ground, excavating tons of earth from the construction site. Avenues, buildings, and elevated railroads around the construction had to be propped up while workers excavated around the underground infrastructure.

Tunneling the East River

2m 17s

The East River flowed over a mix of gravel, clay, sand, silt and bedrock. When sandhogs hit pockets of sand and gravel, there was a risk of air leaking from the tunnels. Workers were constantly on the alert for a whistling sound—a sign that compressed air was escaping and might at any moment punch a hole through the riverbed, known as a blowout. These blowouts were costly and often deadly.

Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Chapter 1

7m 46s

In an era in which cold-blooded killers such as Jesse James and the Younger Brothers terrorized the American West, Butch Cassidy, the Sundance Kid and their Wild Bunch gang took a smart and methodical approach to bank and train robbery.

The Amish: Shunned, Extended Preview

2m

Follow seven former Amish people who have paid deeply for their decision to leave their closed and tightly-knit communities for the outside world, as they struggle to make their way in modern America estranged from loved ones.

"The Good Kid"

2m 57s

"In the dominant culture of America, I would have been the good kid -- putting myself through college and working full time, but to the Amish I was a little bit of a rebel. I don't really know how I would do it differently if I had it to do over, but I wish somehow it wouldn't have to be like that." Naomi left her Amish family to become a nurse.

"We Had No Idea"

Paul's parents became Amish when he was a boy. He was shunned as an adult. "We had no idea what it meant to be Amish. We thought a clothes change and probably a little more, but we had no idea how much more." The Amish: Shunned premieres on PBS American Experience February 4, 2014.

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