The NAACP and Its Architects

American Experience

History Series / 14 Seasons

American Experience, TV's most-watched history series, brings to life the compelling stories from our past that inform our understanding of the world today.

Watch Latest: S37 E2

53m

Mount Rushmore Preview

30s

An obsessed artist struggles against bankruptcy, public indifference, and a brutal terrain, to build the great American monument, Mount Rushmore. High on a granite cliff in South Dakota's Black Hills tower the huge carved faces of four American presidents: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, and Theodore Roosevelt. Together they constitute the world's largest piece of sculpture.

Borglum's Sculpting Technique

2m 22s

After his workers had blasted off the surface rock of the mountain, Gutzon Borglum spent days and nights watching how the light and shadow landed on the mountain. This process ultimately made him decide to deviate from the original plan and shift 20 degrees. Borglum built a studio size model of Mount Rushmore and proceeded to enlarge the measurements on a scale to sculpt the mountain itself.

Sculpting a National Monument

2m 41s

The Borglum family archives include some historic home movies, early color films of the mountain's sculpting in progress. See Gutzon and the workers in action as they struggle with winches, jackhammers -- and Mother Nature.

Sculpting Jefferson's Head

40s

Even though the workers blasted down 60 feet to find carve-able rock, huge cracks took shape on the Jefferson face. Borglum used a special concoction of materials to fill in the cracks in Jefferson's head, costing additional time and money.

Mount Rushmore Challenges

46s

Gutzon Borglum and his team of workers were aware that there would be challenges to face during the sculpting of Mount Rushmore. While some of the faults were easy to identify, others were difficult to detect.

Flood Film Clips

2m 39s

Footage from the 1927 flood. Clips include shots of workers along the Mississippi River enforcing the levees with sandbags, Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover surveying the damage, and aerial views of the flooding.

Behind the Scenes with Cinematographer Boyd Estus

2m 58s

Cinematographer Boyd Estus talks about filming the Pioneer Zephyr exhibit at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago and the joys of shooting historical documentaries.

Attica Prison Riot

16m 22s

Robert Douglass served as Counsel and later Secretary to Governor Nelson Rockefeller from 1965-1972. He was sent to Attica during the uprising to represent the Governor and to help quell the riot and appease the inmates. Frank Smith was an inmate at the prison and acted as a guard during the uprising, trying to assure that none of the officials sent in to negotiate with the prisoners were harmed.

Paul Krugman Interview

8m 48s

In this exclusive interview, Princeton economist and New York Times columnist Paul Krugman discusses the relevance of the Rockefellers in today's business environment of mergers, monopolies, and the new "age of the heroic entrepreneur."

Prospects of Mankind with Eleanor Roosevelt

16m 19s

"Prospects of Mankind with Eleanor Roosevelt" first aired on WGBH in October, 1959. The monthly series was a forum for prominent leaders and decision makers to discuss current issues with Eleanor as mediator and host. "Prospects of Mankind" is an example of Eleanor Roosevelt's fervent interest in world affairs during the last years of her life.

The High Scalers of Hoover Dam

2m 33s

People came from across the country to witness the construction of Hoover Dam. One worker's daughter compared the scene to a hill of ants. "It was just fantastic to watch... It was a monument task," she said. During the dam's construction, the job of the high scaler was by far the most dangerous, as well as the most dramatic.

The Government's Plan

1m 6s

Building the 700 foot high dam was only one piece of the puzzle. Workers would also build two power plants, dig four tunnels into rock yard canyon, divert the flow of the river, pour 4 1/2 million cubic yards of concrete, and build a city in the desert to house 5,000 families.

Hoover Dam: Moving the Concrete

2m 59s

On June 6, 1933, workers began pouring concrete to build what would become the face of the dam. To move the concrete across the construction site, Chief Engineer Frank Crowe designed a network of cableways to carry material. Pretty soon, a cable would deliver a 20-ton bucket of concrete every 78 seconds!

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