Alexander Hamilton's Widow Speaks
Elizabeth Hamilton, who outlived her husband by five decades, defends his reputation.
The Battle Over the Establishment of a National Bank
Perhaps one of Hamilton's most farsighted contributions to the new U.S. economy was the creation of a central bank.
Federalists and Republicans on Slavery
Hamilton's opposition to slavery stemmed from his hatred of seeing human potential wasted.
Federalists vs. Republicans
Partisan politics were a part of public life from the republic's earliest years.
Hamilton As Seen by his Contemporaries
Who was Alexander Hamilton? Those who knew him describe his many qualities.
Alexander Hamilton Preview
One of the most controversial men of his age, Alexander Hamilton was a gifted statesman brought down by the fatal flaws of stubbornness, extreme candor, and arrogance.
Jonestown Preview
In 1978 over 900 people led by Rev. Jim Jones died in the largest mass murder-suicide in history, at Jonestown, Guyana. The story is told by survivors, Temple defectors, relatives, and journalists.
New Orleans Preview
New Orleans: the utterly original American city that lies at the mouth of the mighty Mississippi and at the beating heart of the great American experiment. The crowded streets of New Orleans have always been a laboratory where the social forces that characterize American life play out in dramatic and, at times, disastrous fashion.
The Living Weapon Preview
The international race to develop biological weapons during the 20th century, the challenges scientists faced, and the moral dilemmas posed by their eventual success.
Reagan on the Economy: the 1982 Recession
The 1982 recession during the Reagan Administration resulted in high interest rates, homelessness, and unemployment. "We are really in trouble," Reagan confided to his diary.
LBJ on Unity: Kennedy vs. Johnson
After Kennedy was nominated for the Presidency, "no one was sure what Johnson would do if Kennedy offered it to him."
Nixon on Unity: the Silent Majority
President Nixon tried to demonstrate that most Americans supported him with his "Silent Majority" speech in November 1969. "To you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans," Nixon said, "I ask for your support, for the more divided we are at home, the less likely the enemy is to negotiate at Paris."
The Gold Rush Preview
On January 24, 1848, James Marshall found gold near the fork of the American and Sacramento Rivers, and unleashed a massive migration from around the world to what had been a forgotten backwater. With head-spinning speed, these gold-seekers created one of the most extraordinary societies in history -- hard-driving, overwhelmingly male, often brutal.
The Great Fever Preview
The Great Fever documents the heroic efforts of Major Walter Reed's medical team and their investigation into yellow fever. Their discoveries enabled the United States to successfully eradicate the disease among workers constructing the Panama Canal, making possible the completion of one of the most strategic waterways in the world.
The Alaska Pipeline's Permafrost Challenge
The oilmen planned to build the Alaska pipeline the same way they'd built every other pipeline in the world -- dig a ditch and bury it. This would not work in the arctic. Beneath a thin, insulating cover of tundra and vegetation, much of Alaska sits on permanently frozen ground called permafrost. In some places, it's mostly gravel, but in others it's mostly ice.
Alaska Pipeline: Thompson Pass
One of the biggest challenges during the construction of the Alaska Pipeline was when workers reached Thompson Pass. There, welders and laborers had to scale a near-vertical 2800-foot mountain wall to install pipe. The solution was to develop a tower and cable system that would fly the 80-foot pipe sections into place. On December 6, 1976, the last piece of pipe was laid at Thompson Pass.
Moving the Oil by Pipeline
In 1968, Atlantic Ritchfield struck oil in Alaska's Prudhoe Bay. It was a massive strike, the largest oil field ever discovered in North America. Other oil companies joined in and started drilling their own wells. The biggest problem anyone could foresee was how to get 10 billion barrels of oil out of Alaska. Eventually, they agreed that the only practical solution was a pipeline.
The Scale and Cost of the Alaska Pipeline
The massive scale of the Alaska Pipeline project made it difficult to maintain adequate supplies of equipment, electricity, and housing. Oil companies would spend almost any amount of money just to transport needed materials to the construction site. The one thing that was not in short supply was workers hoping to cash in on the project.
Alaska Pipeline: Atigun Pass
In the winter of 1976, Alaska Pipeline construction workers faced the daunting task of laying pipe at Atigun Pass, the highest point on the line rising at 4,800 feet above sea level. Additionally, the arctic weather made for extremely difficult working conditions. Due to the threat of avalanches at Atigun Pass, the pipe had to be buried beneath the permafrost soil.
Faulty Welds on the Pipeline
In July 1975, Alyeska suffered its first scandal. A subcontractor was found cutting corners by falsifying weld x-rays. Thirty thousand eight hundred welds were in question. The x-rays were used to inspect all of the girth welds around the pipe's circumference. It would take Alyeska a year to check all the x-rays and to repair the sub-par welds.
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